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The British Railways Board (BRB) was created on 1 January 1963 under the Transport Act 1962 and took over the responsibilities of the British Transport Commission (BTC). The BRB operated under a similar structure to the BTC Railway Executive whereby there were five regions - Eastern, London Midland, Western, Southern and Scottish (later rebranded ScotRail). A North Eastern Region existed initially but was merged into the Eastern Region in 1967.

The British Record Society, founded in 1889, was to take over responsibility for the Index Library, which had been established in 1888 as a private scheme for the publication of indexes to British public records. Its first completed volume was an index to Northamptonshire and Rutland Wills, 1510-1652. From 1892 onwards, following the creation of an official series of Lists and Indexes, the Society concentrated on records held in repositories other than the Public Record Office. From the 1920s the Society also became involved in records preservation. In 1933, this aspect of the Society's work was transferred to the British Records Association. From the 1930's to the 1990's it has mainly concentrated on publishing indexes to probate records.

The British Records Association, formed in 1932, succeeded the British Record Society in its role in preserving and sorting documents and distributing them to the appropriate repositories. The main aim and objective is to encourage and assist with the preservation, care, use and publication of historical records.

The British Transport Commission (BTC) was created by Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government as a part of its nationalisation programme, to oversee railways, canals and road freight transport in Great Britain. Its general duty under the 1947 Transport Act was to provide "an efficient, adequate, economical and properly integrated system of public inland transport and port facilities within Great Britain for passengers and goods", excluding air transport. Its main holdings were the networks and assets of the Big Four national regional railway companies: Great Western Railway, London & North Eastern Railway, London Midland & Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway. It also took over 55 other railway undertakings, 19 canal undertakings and 246 road haulage firms, as well as the work of the London Passenger Transport Board, which was already publicly owned. The nationalisation package also included the fleets of 'private owner wagons', which industrial concerns had used to transport goods on the railway networks. It was abolished by Harold Macmillan's Conservative government under the 1962 Transport Act and replaced by the British Railways Board (railways, hotels and some shipping), the British Transport Docks Board (docks), the British Waterways Board (inland waterways), the London Transport Board (London buses and the London Underground) and the Transport Holding Company (remaining interests, in shipping, travel and road transport).